Introduction Every legal system that creates serious criminal offences must grapple with the possibility of false or malicious complaints, a problem that is inherent to human nature and institutional design
Introduction The juvenile justice system in India operates on a foundational principle: children who come into conflict with the law are to be treated differently from adult offenders because childhood
Introduction Criminal justice systems across the world have grappled with a persistent reality: conviction of the offender, while essential for public accountability and deterrence, does not by itself repair the
Introduction Digital grooming is among the most insidious forms of child sexual exploitation because it is invisible, gradual, and often goes undetected until significant harm has already been done. A
Introduction The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 was designed to address the sexual exploitation and abuse of children, a grave social harm requiring robust legal protection. The
Introduction The grant of bail in criminal proceedings involves a fundamental tension between two equally legitimate constitutional values: the presumption of innocence and the right to personal liberty on one
Introduction The mandatory reporting obligation in Section 19 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 is among the most far-reaching and socially significant provisions in India’s child
Introduction The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 represents a legislative acknowledgment that children who have experienced sexual abuse require more than ordinary criminal law protections when they
Introduction The global crisis of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) has acquired a distinctly technological dimension over the past decade. What was once circulated through physical media and clandestine networks
Introduction Few questions in contemporary Indian family law and criminal law carry as much social and constitutional weight as the intersection of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act,