Introduction Real estate has historically been the preferred vehicle for money laundering in India, and the structural reasons for this preference are deeply embedded in both the regulatory architecture governing
Introduction The hawala system, one of the oldest informal value transfer mechanisms in the world, predates modern banking by centuries. Originating in the Indian subcontinent and the Arab world as
Introduction No dimension of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act’s enforcement history has generated more sustained controversy in the period from 2020 to 2025 than the pattern of Enforcement Directorate
Introduction The intersection of cryptocurrency markets and anti-money laundering law represents one of the most technically complex and rapidly evolving frontiers of financial regulation in India. For much of the
Introduction At the heart of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 lies the concept of “proceeds of crime.” The entire enforcement machinery of the statute, from provisional attachment to
Introduction The power to attach property before conviction is the Enforcement Directorate’s most consequential enforcement instrument under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. It operates in advance of any
Introduction The Enforcement Directorate’s power of arrest under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, and the stringent bail standard attached to PMLA offences, constitute what is arguably the sharpest
Introduction The promise of a minimum wage is one of the foundational commitments of the Indian state to its working poor. Enacted through the Minimum Wages Act 1948, the commitment
Introduction Fixed-term employment has been a defining feature of the informal contractualisation that Indian employers have used to manage labour costs and maintain operational flexibility since at least the 1980s.
Introduction In August 2022, Wipro’s chairman Rishad Premji announced that the company had dismissed around three hundred employees for working for competitor companies while on Wipro’s payroll, describing the practice