Introduction Economic sanctions have become the primary instrument of coercive statecraft for the United States and, increasingly, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and their allies. In the decade between
Introduction On 19 June 2023, after nearly two decades of negotiations, the United Nations concluded the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond
Introduction The deployment of artificial intelligence in military targeting systems is reshaping the conduct of armed conflict in ways that the architects of modern international humanitarian law could not have
Introduction The introduction of a global minimum corporate tax rate of fifteen percent under the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework’s Pillar Two framework represents the most significant transformation in international tax law
Introduction The military campaign Israel launched in Gaza following the Hamas attacks of 7 October 2023 has generated the most intense legal controversy in the history of the laws of
Introduction Treaty shopping, the practice of structuring corporate or financial arrangements to route investments through a third jurisdiction so as to access more favourable bilateral investment treaty protections, has long
Introduction The Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 set in motion one of the most consequential legal episodes in modern international law. Beyond the immediate humanitarian
Introduction Biopiracy, the appropriation of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge by commercial entities without the free, prior, and informed consent of the indigenous and local communities that have developed,
Introduction The media rights landscape for professional sports in India has undergone a structural transformation of historic proportions in the period from 2022 to 2026. The sale of Indian Premier
Introduction Open source software has become the foundational infrastructure of the global technology industry. Estimates from multiple industry surveys consistently indicate that more than 90% of modern enterprise software applications