Introduction Few provisions in Indian criminal law have generated as sustained a controversy as Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, now re-enacted as Section 84 of the Bharatiya Nyaya
Introduction The relationship between economic offences and personal liberty in India is mediated by a statutory architecture that systematically tilts toward detention. Unlike general criminal provisions, where the default is
Introduction The criminal justice system’s capacity to punish the most serious forms of organised crime is fundamentally contingent on the willingness and ability of witnesses to testify truthfully in open
Introduction The First Information Report is the entry point to the criminal justice system in India. Without an FIR, no investigation begins, no offence is formally recorded, and no victim
Introduction The question of whether and how a corporation can commit a crime is one of the most intellectually demanding problems in criminal law. A corporation has no physical body
Introduction In October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi used his monthly radio programme Mann Ki Baat to warn the nation about a phenomenon that had quietly devastated thousands of Indian
Introduction The proposition that bail is the rule and jail is the exception has been articulated by Indian courts for decades. Yet the nation’s prisons remain among the most overcrowded
Introduction The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) was conceived as a transformative institution. Replacing the Company Law Board (CLB), the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR), and the appellate
Introduction The tension between founder control and public shareholder rights has become one of the defining governance debates of the technology era. When Google went public in 2004 with a
Introduction Among the many structural challenges that have confronted India’s startup ecosystem, few have proved as persistently damaging and as difficult to resolve as the angel tax controversy. Section 56(2)(viib)