Articles

Articles POCSO

Child Victims as Witnesses: Trauma-Informed Examination, Special Courts, and the Gap Between Legislative Design and Courtroom Practice

Introduction The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 represents a legislative acknowledgment that children who have experienced sexual abuse require more than ordinary criminal law protections when they

Articles POCSO

Online Child Sexual Abuse Material: Intermediary Liability, NCMEC CyberTipline Reports, and India’s Enforcement Response

Introduction The global crisis of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) has acquired a distinctly technological dimension over the past decade. What was once circulated through physical media and clandestine networks

Articles POCSO

POCSO and Child Marriage: Whether Sexual Relations Within Child Marriages Constitute an Offence and the Judicial Inconsistency

Introduction Few questions in contemporary Indian family law and criminal law carry as much social and constitutional weight as the intersection of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act,

Articles PMLA

Correspondent Banking Relationships and AML Compliance: De-Risking, FATF Greylisting Implications, and India’s Mutual Evaluation Results

Introduction Correspondent banking relationships form the backbone of international financial transactions, enabling cross-border payments, trade finance, documentary credits, and the settlement of foreign exchange transactions between financial institutions across jurisdictions.

Articles PMLA

PMLA Summons to Lawyers and Chartered Accountants: Privilege, Professional Secrecy, and the Reporting Entity Controversy

Introduction The relationship between anti-money laundering obligations and the professional duties of lawyers and chartered accountants represents one of the most intellectually contested frontiers of PMLA’s regulatory reach. The tension

Articles PMLA

Real Estate as a Money Laundering Vehicle: Benami Transactions Act Overlap, RERA Obligations, and Shell Company Layering

Introduction Real estate has historically been the preferred vehicle for money laundering in India, and the structural reasons for this preference are deeply embedded in both the regulatory architecture governing

Articles PMLA

Cryptocurrency and PMLA Compliance: Virtual Asset Service Provider Obligations, FIU Registration, and Enforcement Actions in 2024-25

Introduction The intersection of cryptocurrency markets and anti-money laundering law represents one of the most technically complex and rapidly evolving frontiers of financial regulation in India. For much of the

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